Dedicated to Athena, the city’s patron goddess, the Parthenon epitomizes the architectural and sculptural grandeur of Pericles’ building program. Pericles (461–429 BC), the most creative and adroit statesman of the third quarter of the fifth century B.C., transformed the Acropolis into a lasting monument to Athens’s newfound political and economic power. This made Athens the ultimate wealthy imperial power that had developed into the first democracy. The treasury of the League was initially kept on the holy island of Delos, sacred to Apollo, but in 454/453 BC, it was moved to the Athenian Acropolis. ![]() The Delos League maintained border safety in the Aegean islands and on the coast of Asia Minor. The Persian defeat in 479 BC allowed Athens to dominate ancient Greece politically, economically, and culturally. Other cities in ancient Greece that contributed to the cultural achievements are Miletus, Thebes, Corinth, and Syracuse among many others.Ĭlassical Greek Bronze Cuirass Body Armour, 4th century BC, Metropolitan Museum of ArtĪthenian Dominance Greek Ostraca Shards of pottery used as a voting ballot, found at the Acropolis of Athens, 482 BC, The Agora Museum at Athens They eventually resolved their rivalry in a ten-year-long war, known as the Peloponnesian War, which left both cities weak and easy prey at the emergence of Macedonia as the dominant power of Greece. ![]() These two city-states rose to power through alliances with other city-states, reforms, and a series of victories against the invading Persian armies. They dominated the Hellenic world, including mainland Greece and their colonies in southern Italy and Minor Asia coastal area. The military, social and cultural powers in classical Greece between 480 and 323 BC were Athens and Sparta. Map of Classical Greece and the Aegean islands The literary masterpieces of Sophocles, Aeschylus, Euripides, and the comedies of Aristophanes set the basis for European theater and until today, they appear in the repertoires of great theatre ensembles. ![]() Hippocrates became the “Father of modern medicine,” and the Hippocratic Oath is still used by physicians today. The teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle among others are reference points of countless western thinkers in the last two thousand years. The philosophers of Classical Greece have dominated thought for thousands of years, and have remained relevant to our day.
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